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Manual forklift operations often depend on driver experience, while storage-location records can lag behind the actual site. Path efficiency, location status, and safety in narrow aisles are common warehouse-management concerns.

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Solution architecture

The solution combines a manual-forklift localization system with a storage-location status system. The first provides forklift position and pose; the second provides occupancy and load status. Both data streams can be sent to a higher-level system for task dispatch and load tracking.

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Manual forklift localization

Mount a 3D vision camera on top of the forklift. The system localizes using natural features on the ceiling and walls, with IMU assistance. Project records report 1–5 cm positioning accuracy; actual accuracy depends on site features, installation, and calibration.
Manual forklift visual localization system
The system can alert the driver to nearby people, vehicles, and potential risks and can be configured with restricted areas. Localization results can also be combined with location status to record load placement and help adjust task routes.
Forklift localization and warehouse-operation coordination

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Storage-location status recognition

An RGB-D camera captures 3D and color information to identify whether a location contains a load, how it is placed, and whether occupancy is abnormal. The algorithm can distinguish load categories when required, and camera-side results can be sent to the dispatch system.
Storage-location status recognition system

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Coordination workflow

  1. The localization system continuously outputs forklift position and pose.
  2. The location camera reports occupancy and load status for the target location.
  3. The higher-level system associates vehicle, load, and location data to confirm pickup and placement tasks and record load positions.
  4. When location or vehicle status changes, the higher-level system can update task routes and resource allocation.